Which certainly preserves the experience to an extent (university campuses are constantly changing and growing and these aerial views will soon be "archival" instead of "current"). Taking the three URIs above plus seven more, I uploaded an image slideshow to Youtube: 2013: from the ODU CS building, to the parking garage on 43rd & Elkhorn, to the football stadium off Hampton Boulevard. Of course, this notion of similarity will be both a function of URIs being archived (e.g., exploiting the fact that the above URIs are about geospatial data) as well as the client accessing the mementos (different sessions may have different thresholds for similarity).įor example, suppose you wanted to see the state of the ODU campus ca. For example, if an archive has a memento of the first URI but the client is requesting the a memento of the second URI, rather than return a 404 the first URI can probably be substituted in most cases. Looking at a screen shot in WebCite, it appears that at least that view is archived:Īssuming we solve the problem of archiving all the requests and not reaching out to the live web (e.g., client-side transactional archiving), the next problem would be determining that these two Google Map URIs:Īre "similar enough" that they can be substituted for each other in the playback of an archived session. I sent all three URIs to WebCite for archiving and they are accessible at, respectively: The shortened URIs of two zoom operations are: For example, here is the URL of the ODU Computer Science building in Google Maps:įor easier sharing. But Google Maps is sharable at each state of a user's interaction.
If you start interacting with the mementos in the Wayback Machine, you'll find they're actually reaching out to the live web (see Justin's " Zombies in the Archives" for more discussion on this topic). The Internet Archive's Wayback Machine claims to have 11,000+ mementos (archived web pages) for :īut only the first page is archived, clearly not the entire service. Given "enough" snapshots, we might be able to reconstruct the output of a black box.Ĭonsider Google Maps: a useful service completely at odds with our current web archiving capabilities that "archiving Google Maps" isn't even a defined concept (see David's IIPC 20 blog posts for background "archiving the future web"). I think game walkthroughs can provide us with an interesting metaphor for web archiving, not simply walkthroughs of web instead of game sessions (though that is possible), but in the sense of capturing a series of snapshots of dynamic services and archiving them. migration debate for the moment (see David Rosenthal's " Rothenberg Still Wrong" if you'd like to read more about it). (And yes, I realize the video was probably generated from an emulator.) But let's put aside the emulation vs. Obviously the game play is canned and not interactive, but in some sense the expertly played Star Raiders session linked above does a better job of conveying the essence of 1981 than emulation, at least with respect to the 10 minute investment that the Youtube video represents. Walkthroughs are fascinating to me because they capture the essence of the game (from the point of view of a particular player) in what can be thought of as migration: recording and uploading what was originally an ephemeral experience. Game walkthroughs are quite popular for a variety of purposes: advertising the game, demonstrating a gamer's proficiency (e.g., speedruns), illustrating short cuts and cheats, even as new form of cinema (e.g., " Diary of A Camper"). So although emulation is possible, probably the best way to "share" my middle school experience with you is through one of the many game walkthroughs that exist on Youtube. And although the original instructions have been scanned, the game play is complex enough that unlike most games of the era, you can't immediately understand what to do. I could encourage you to (re)experience the game by pointing you to the ROM image for the game, as well an appropriate emulator (I used " Atari800MacX"), but without the venerable Atari joystick (the same one used in the more famous 2600 system), it just doesn't feel the same to me. It, along with games like " Eastern Front (1941)", inspired me at a young age to become a video game developer an inspiration which did not survive my undergraduate graphics course. Do you remember playing the Atari 400/800 game " Star Raiders"? Probably not, but for me it pretty much defined my existence in middle school: the obvious Star Wars inspiration, the stereo sound, the (for the time) complex game play, the 3D(-ish) first-person orientation - this was all ground-breaking stuff for 1979.
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